LS linux command manual

LS(1)                          User Commands                           LS(1)



NAME
       ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS
       ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
       List  information  about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
       Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory  for  short  options
       too.

       -a, --all
              do not hide entries starting with .

       -A, --almost-all
              do not list implied . and ..

       --author
              print the author of each file

       -b, --escape
              print octal escapes for nongraphic characters

       --block-size=SIZE
              use SIZE-byte blocks

       -B, --ignore-backups
              do not list implied entries ending with ~

       -c     with  -lt:  sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification
              of file status information) with -l: show  ctime  and  sort  by
              name otherwise: sort by ctime

       -C     list entries by columns

       --color[=WHEN]
              control  whether color is used to distinguish file types.  WHEN
              may be 'never', 'always', or 'auto'

       -d, --directory
              list directory entries instead of contents, and do not derefer-
              ence symbolic links

       -D, --dired
              generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

       -f     do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst

       -F, --classify
              append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries

       --format=WORD
              across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1,
              verbose -l, vertical -C

       --full-time
              like -l --time-style=full-iso

       -g     like -l, but do not list owner

       -G, --no-group
              inhibit display of group information

       -h, --human-readable
              print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

       --si   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -H, --dereference-command-line
              follow symbolic links listed on the command line

       --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
              follow each command line symbolic link

              that points to a directory

       --indicator-style=WORD append  indicator  with  style  WORD  to  entry
       names:
              none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p)

       -i, --inode
              print index number of each file

       -I, --ignore=PATTERN
              do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

       -k     like --block-size=1K

       -l     use a long listing format

       -L, --dereference
              when showing file information for a symbolic link, show  infor-
              mation  for  the  file  the link references rather than for the
              link itself

       -m     fill width with a comma separated list of entries

       -n, --numeric-uid-gid
              like -l, but list numeric UIDs and GIDs

       -N, --literal
              print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters spe-
              cially)

       -o     like -l, but do not list group information

       -p, --file-type
              append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries

       -q, --hide-control-chars
              print ? instead of non graphic characters

       --show-control-chars
              show  non  graphic  characters as-is (default unless program is
              'ls' and output is a terminal)

       -Q, --quote-name
              enclose entry names in double quotes

       --quoting-style=WORD
              use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell,
              shell-always, c, escape

       -r, --reverse
              reverse order while sorting

       -R, --recursive
              list subdirectories recursively

       -s, --size
              print size of each file, in blocks

       -S     sort by file size

       --sort=WORD
              extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v

              status -c, time -t, atime -u, access -u, use -u

       --time=WORD
              show  time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access,
              use, ctime or  status;  use  specified  time  as  sort  key  if
              --sort=time

       --time-style=STYLE
              show  times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale,
              +FORMAT

              FORMAT is interpreted like 'date'; if  FORMAT  is  FORMAT1FORMAT2,  FORMAT1  applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2
              to recent files; if STYLE  is  prefixed  with  'posix-',  STYLE
              takes effect only outside the POSIX locale

       -t     sort by modification time

       -T, --tabsize=COLS
              assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

       -u     with  -lt:  sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access
              time and sort by name otherwise: sort by access time

       -U     do not sort; list entries in directory order

       -v     sort by version

       -w, --width=COLS
              assume screen width instead of current value

       -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns

       -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension

       -1     list one file per line

       SELinux options:

       --lcontext
              Display security context.   Enable -l. Lines will  probably  be
              too wide for most displays.

       -Z, --context
              Display security context so it fits on most displays.  Displays
              only mode, user, group, security context and file name.

       --scontext
              Display only security context and file name.

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of  fol-
       lowing:  kB  1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G,
       T, P, E, Z, Y.

       By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files.  That  is
       equivalent  to  using  --color=none.  Using the --color option without
       the optional WHEN argument  is  equivalent  to  using  --color=always.
       With  --color=auto,  color codes are output only if standard output is
       connected to a terminal (tty).

AUTHOR
       Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs to .

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       This is free software; see the source for copying  conditions.   There
       is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICU-
       LAR PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO
       The full documentation for ls is maintained as a Texinfo  manual.   If
       the info and ls programs are properly installed at your site, the com-
       mand

              info coreutils ls

       should give you access to the complete manual.



ls (coreutils) 5.2.1              March 2004                            LS(1)